The following is a comprehensive analysis of stainless steel plate, covering its definition, classification, characteristics, application and processing technology and other core information, combined with the latest industry trends and technological developments:
First, the definition and basic characteristics of stainless steel plate
Stainless steel plate is a kind of corrosion resistant alloy steel with iron as matrix, chromium (≥10.5%), nickel, molybdenum and other alloying elements, the surface is isolated by passivation film (chromium oxide layer) external corrosive medium, with the following characteristics:
● Corrosion resistance: Chromium elements form a dense oxide film, resistant to acid, alkali, salt and other corrosion, suitable for chemical industry, Marine environment and other scenarios.
● High strength and toughness: tensile strength can reach more than 520MPa, elongation of 40%, taking into account mechanical properties and processing plasticity.
● High and low temperature resistance: Wide operating temperature range (-196°C~800°C), some models (such as 316L) can maintain stability at high temperatures.
● Beautiful and hygienic: the surface is smooth and easy to clean, non-toxic and pollution-free, widely used in food processing and medical equipment.
Second, classification and common models
Stainless steel plates are divided into the following categories according to organizational structure and chemical composition:
Classification | Features | Typical models |
| Austenitic type | Non-magnetic, excellent corrosion resistance, good plasticity, wide range of applications | 304、316、321 |
| Ferrite type | High chromium content (12% - 30%), resistant to chloride stress corrosion, and low cost | 430、409L |
| Martensitic | High hardness and wear resistance, and can be strengthened through heat treatment. | 410 420 |
| Duplex stainless steel | Austenite + ferrite mixture, featuring both high strength and corrosion resistance. | 2205、 2507 |
| Precipitation hardening type | By means of post-treatment, the strengthening phase is precipitated and the ultra-high strength is achieved. | 17-4PH、15-5PH |
Comparison of common models:
● 304 stainless steel: universal type, containing 18%Cr, 8%Ni, used for building decoration, kitchenware and so on.
● 316 stainless steel: Add 2%~3%Mo, better pitting resistance, suitable for Marine and chemical equipment.
Third. Core application areas
1. Architecture and decoration
● Curtain wall and structure: For example, Shenzhen Ping An Financial Center adopts stainless steel curtain wall, which is both wind pressure resistance (up to 1.5kPa) and beautiful, and the surface is stress-free assembly through laser cutting and precision bending.
● Interior decoration: handrail, ceiling, etc., surface treatment includes NO.2B (light), HL (hair lines) and other processes.
2. Industrial manufacturing
● Chemical equipment: reactor, pipeline system to withstand sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other strong corrosive medium, mostly using 316L or duplex steel.
● Energy and transportation: Nuclear power plant components, ship structures, etc., require high corrosion resistance and radiation resistance.
3. Life and food
● Kitchen utensils and tableware: 304 stainless steel is preferred for hygiene, and the surface is polished to BA mirror level (roughness Ra≤0.1μm).
● Medical devices: Surgical instruments and implants must comply with ASTM F138 (Biocompatibility certified).
4. Emerging field
● New energy: Hydrogen fuel cell bipolar plates use ultra-thin stainless steel (0.1mm) to improve electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance.
● Aerospace: Precipitation-hardened stainless steel (e.g. 15-5PH) for high-strength parts such as landing gear.
Fourth, processing technology and quality control
1. Raw material handling
● Cutting technology: laser cutting (accuracy ±0.1mm), water knife cutting (no thermal deformation).
● Heat treatment: Solution treatment (1050°C~1100°C rapid cooling) eliminates grain boundary carbides and improves corrosion resistance.
2. Forming and surface treatment
● Cold rolling and hot rolling: cold rolled plate thickness 0.02~4mm (smooth surface), hot rolled plate 4.5~100mm (low cost).
● Surface grinding: using 240#~600# abrasive belt polishing in turn, reaching NO.8 mirror effect (roughness Ra≤0.01μm).
3. Quality inspection
● Composition analysis: The spectrometer detects the deviation of Cr, Ni and other elements (such as 304 requires Cr:18%~20%, Ni:8%~10.5%).
● Mechanical test: tensile test (tensile strength ≥515MPa), hardness test (HV≥200).
Five. Industry trends and technological innovation
1. Green manufacturing
● Use scrap recycling technology (recovery rate of more than 90%) to reduce carbon emissions; Promote non-toxic coatings instead of traditional electroplating.
2. Research and development of high-performance materials
● High nitrogen stainless steel: Through pressurized electroslag remelting to increase nitrogen content (0.5%~1.0%), enhance strength and corrosion resistance.
● Nano-coating technology: such as graphene coated stainless steel, the friction coefficient is reduced by 50%, extending the service life.
3. Intelligent processing
● Rhino modeling and digital plate removal technology to achieve accurate processing of curtain wall plates, tolerance control within ±1.5mm.
● Summary: Stainless steel plate as the core material of modern industry, its development is moving towards high performance, environmental protection and intelligence. The model and process must be matched according to the specific scenario, and strict quality control must be implemented to ensure that the performance meets the standards.
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